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down to platoon/troop and individual major weapons, minefields, obstacles, etc, are plotted on
the control map.
18. Security:
a. Normal communications security must be applied.
b. All exercise narratives, estimates, orders and written work must be handled with
the appropriate degree of real and exercise security.
19. SOPs, States, Reports, Returns. Each of these must be clearly identified and sufficient
quantities available prior to and during the exercise.
CONDUCT
20. Prior to commencement of the exercise:
a. All participants are briefed on the objectives, scope and the way in which war
game techniques fit into the exercise.
b. Brigade and unit CPs are deployed, or set up in building accommodation, and
manned.
c. Lower controllers are briefed by their units or unit deployments, plans, concepts,
SOPs, etc, and by the War Game Section Controller on control room operations
and lower controller duties and responsibilities.
d. All deployments down to platoon/troop level and selected individual equipments
such as heavy anti-armour weapons, air defence weapons and helicopters, are laid
out on the control map.
21. Layout. A schematic of a typical layout, and communications between the control
function and the exercised formations and units, are at Annex J.
a. The control room must be sufficiently large to accommodate:
(1) map coverage, on a large scale (normally 1:10 000 or 1:12 500) mounted
on 4 ft by 8 ft (1.2m by 2.4m) sheets of plywood with a clear plastic sheet
to cover the entire exercise area of operations;
(2) higher Control division, flanking formations and air staffs;
(3) controllers and assessors (up to nine persons); and
(4) two lower controllers for each exercised unit plus FOOs, plus one lower
controller and one FOO for each enemy regiment.
b. Within the control room, all communications are verbal, non-electronic.
c. Each exercised unit and formation HQ will be established either in its own CP
vehicles or inside separate accommodation. All communications links will be by
radio or field telephone.
22. War Game Control Map Identifiers. A brigade level War Game Assisted CPX may
require up to 1200 separately identified sub-units, equipments, demolitions, etc. Colour coded
pins, flags and other markers as set out in Annex K are used to cover the following: HQ,
platoons, tank troops, anti-armour weapons, air defence weapons, close support aircraft,
helicopters, artillery high explosive (HE) fire, smoke, illumination, minefields, demolitions,
vehicle casualties, sub-unit or individual equipment status including moving or deployed echelon
vehicles, etc. These identifiers, moved by the controller on the control map in response to the
directions and orders from units and in accordance with the rules, are used by the controller and
assessors in determining interactions.
23. The Control Function. The operation of the control function, including the part that war
game techniques play in the exercise, is described in the succeeding ten paragraphs, which should
be read in conjunction with Annex J.
24. The War Game Group, comprising controllers and assessors, is co-located with the lower
and higher controllers to provide a complete control organization. Although no troops will be
deployed, all orders, deployments, movements, etc will be acted upon, in detail, in the war game.
25. Decisions and orders will be made as for any normal exercise. For example, brigade HQ
will pass orders by radio to its units. Units will pass their orders to their sub-units, that is, their
lower controllers. Each lower controller represents all out-stations on the unit net. For example,
an infantry battalion lower controller represents all the rifle companies, support platoons,
weapons detachments and reconnaissance patrols of that battalion. The lower controllers must be
completely familiar with unit SOPs, ensure that their unit activities are portrayed accurately, and
that their unit interests are looked after. The lower controller will interpret the orders as a
company or squadron commander, or whatever, but instead of sub-units moving and umpires
evaluating, he will pass his actions verbally to a game controller who will plot them on the
control map.
26. As the game controller plots the sub-unit actions as briefed by the lower controller, he
identifies the interactions for assessment, including intervisibility, range, suppressive fire and so
on. The appropriate assessor determines the result in accordance with war game rules and
procedures and tells the lower controller, for example:
"B Company just suffered three personnel casualties from fighter ground attack by two
aircraft;" or,
"2 Troop was fired on by anti-armour weapons from area GR 982 310. No casualties;" or,
"3 Troop engaged T62s at GR 123 456. Two kills. One Leopard killed by return fire;".
27. The lower controller then reports this information as a SITREP or Contact Report to his
unit CP, which reacts accordingly.
28. The lower controller, as well as looking after the interests of his unit, must exercise his
unit CP in a realistic fashion by describing activities he is entitled by assessment to describe,
imposing delays when such are assessed, etc. The lower controllers must be neutral. Giving CPs
information to which they are not entitled reduces the effectiveness of the exercise.
29. Since a unit CP will be operating with only battle intelligence from its lower controller,
other units and brigade HQ, it will never know, in precise detail, the enemy deployments and
locations. This of course, adds realism to the interactions and their outcomes. Probabilities
determine whether detections will be made and whether hits will be achieved by anti-armour
weapons, tanks and artillery so that throughout the exercise, just as in real life, nothing can be
taken for granted. The course of events will be decided by the interactions and by how the
participants at all levels handle their successes or setbacks.
30. With respect to artillery:
a. Normal affiliations take place, with the commanding officer at brigade HQ and
battery commanders at battalion HQ, doing their normal jobs.
b. A FOO will be situated with the lower controller of each unit that normally would
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